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Yekuno Amlak
Emperor Yekuno Amlak ((アムハラ語:ይኵኖ አምላክ); throne name Tasfa Iyasus) was ' (r. 10 August 1270 – 19 June 1285)〔In the Ethiopian calendar, 10 Sené and 16 Nehasé, respectively. A. K. Irvine, "Review: The Different Collections of Nägś Hymns in Ethiopic Literature and Their Contributions." ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London''. School of Oriental and African Studies, 1985.〕 of Ethiopia and restorer of the Solomonic dynasty.〔http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/194084/Ethiopia/37706/The-Zagwe-and-Solomonic-dynasties〕〔http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/ethiopia/history-solomon.htm〕〔http://historymedren.about.com/library/text/bltxtethiopia6.htm〕 He traced his ancestry through his father, Tasfa Iyasus, to Dil Na'od, the last King of Axum.
==Rise to power==
Much of what is known about Yekuno Amlak is based on oral traditions and medieval hagiographies. Yekuno Amlak was educated at Lake Hayq's Istifanos Monastery near Amba Sel, where later medieval hagiographies state Saint Tekle Haymanot raised and educated him, and helped him to depose the last King of the Zagwe Dynasty. Earlier hagiographies, however, state that it was Iyasus Mo'a, the abbot of Istifanos Monastery in Lake Hayq, who helped him achieve power. G.W.B. Huntingford explains this discrepancy by pointing out Istifanos had once been the premier monastery of Ethiopia, but Tekle Haymanot's Debre Libanos eventually eclipsed Istifanos, and from the reign of Amda Seyon it became the custom to appoint the abbot of Debre Libanos ''Ichege'', or secular head of the Ethiopian Church. However, neither of these traditions is contemporary with any of the individuals involved.〔See G.W.B. Huntingford, ("'The Wealth of Kings' and the End of the Zāguē Dynasty", ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' ), 28 (1965), pp. 2f〕
There was also the story, related in both the "Life of Iyasus Mo'a" and the ''Be'ela nagastat'', that a rooster was heard to prophesize outside of the house of the Yakuno Amlak for three months that whoever ate his head would be king. The king then had the bird killed and cooked, but the cook discarded the rooster's head—which Yekuno Amlak ate, and thus became ruler of Ethiopia. Scholars have pointed out the similarity between this legend and one about the first king of Kaffa, who likewise learned from mysterious voice that eating the head of a certain rooster would make him king, as well as the Ethiopian ''Mashafa dorho'' or "Book of the Cock", which relates a story about a cooked rooster presented to Christ at the Last Supper which is brought back to life.〔Huntingford, "'Wealth of Kings'", pp. 4-6〕
Traditional history further reports that Yekuno Amlak was imprisoned by the Zagwe King Za-Ilmaknun ("the unknown, the hidden one") on Mount Malot, but managed to escape. He gathered support in the Amhara provinces and in Shewa, and with an army of followers, defeated the Zagwe king. Taddese Tamrat argued that this king was Yetbarak, but due to a local form of ''damnatio memoriae'', his name was removed from the official records.〔Taddesse Tamrat, ''Church and State in Ethiopia'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 68 n.1〕 A more recent chronicler of Wollo history, Getatchew Mekonnen Hasen, flatly states that the last Zagwe king deposed by Yekuno Amlak was none other than Na'akueto La'ab himself.〔Getachew Mekonnen Hasen, ''Wollo, Yager Dibab'' (Addis Ababa: Nigd Matemiya Bet, 1992), pp. 28-29〕
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